Maya Forstater: Woman wins tribunal appeal over transgender tweets
By Doug Faulkner
BBC News
A woman who lost her job after saying that people cannot change their biological sex has won an appeal against an employment tribunal.
Maya Forstater, 47, did not have her contract renewed after posting tweets on gender recognition.
She lost her original case at a tribunal in 2019, but a High Court judge ruled her "gender-critical" beliefs fell under the Equalities Act.
The appeal said the tribunal had erred in law and another should take place.
Ms Forstater, from St Albans in Hertfordshire, did not have her contract renewed at the think tank Center for Global Development (CGD) in March 2019, after posting a series of tweets questioning government plans - which were later scrapped - to let people declare their own gender.
She claimed she was discriminated against because of her beliefs, which include "that sex is immutable and not to be conflated with gender identity".
In the initial tribunal employment judge James Tayler said that her approach was "not worthy of respect in a democratic society".
He concluded that Ms Forstater was "absolutist" in her view and said she was not entitled to ignore the rights of a transgender person and the "enormous pain that can be caused by misgendering".
But the Honourable Mr Justice Choudhury said her "gender-critical beliefs" did fall under the Equalities Act as they "did not seek to destroy the rights of trans persons".
Ms Forstater said she was "delighted to have been vindicated" but CGD said the decision was a "step backwards for inclusivity and equality for all".
In a video statement, Ms Forstater said: "I'm proud of the role I've played in clarifying the law and encouraging more people to speak up".
Amanda Glassman, executive vice president of CGD, said: "The decision is disappointing and surprising because we believe Judge Tayler got it right when he found this type of offensive speech causes harm to trans people, and therefore could not be protected under the Equality Act.
"Today's decision is a step backwards for inclusivity and equality for all."
Maya Forstater won her case because the Employment Appeal Tribunal concluded that her belief that biological sex is real, important and immutable met the legal test of a genuine and important philosophical position that is protected under the UK's equality laws.
The test for such a protection was that her belief touched on an important part of human life, would be accepted by others and - this is the important bit - could not be shown to be a direct attempt to harm others.
The appeal panel found that while her words were offensive to some, they fell far short of the violent and oppressive views of "Nazism or totalitarian". There was not even any evidence that she had harassed anyone at work.
Where does this leave employers? Equality and employment law require them to recognise and uphold the rights of all in the workplace.
Ms Forstater's speech and beliefs are protected - but so are the rights of trans people. And if speech crosses the line from an honestly held belief to bullying, attacks and intimidation, then the scales very obviously tip in favour of protecting the victim.
Mr Justice Choudhury acknowledged that some transgender people would be disappointed by this judgement, but said it had not "expressed any view on the merits of either side of the transgender debate".
The judgement does not mean "that those with gender-critical beliefs can 'misgender' trans persons with impunity", he added.
And he said it does not mean "that employers and service providers will not be able to provide a safe environment for trans persons".
CGD said it was considering various paths forward with its lawyers and said it disputed Ms Forstater's version of events.
The sole issue considered by the appeal tribunal was whether the original tribunal had been wrong not to consider Ms Forstater's views as a philosophical belief protected by the Equality Act.
Other matters of the case, such as her employment status or whether she was discriminated against, would have to be decided at a fresh tribunal.
Baroness Falkner, chair of the Equality and Human Rights Commission, said there was a difference between holding a belief and how it was expressed.
She said: "Some may see the beliefs of others as questionable or controversial, but people must be free to hold them.
"This is why this case is so important."
Monica Kurnatowska, employment partner at law firm Baker McKenzie, said the ruling meant that "individuals are entitled not to be discriminated against because of gender critical beliefs... and gives those beliefs the same legal protection as religious beliefs, environmental beliefs and ethical veganism".
"Employers will be watching closely for any guidance on how to handle employee conflict fairly and lawfully, while respecting the rights of all involved," she added.
Lui Asquith, director of legal and policy at Mermaids, a charity that supports transgender, non-binary and gender-diverse children and young people, said: "This is not the win anti-trans campaigners will suggest in the coming days.
"We, as trans people, are protected by equality law and this decision in the Maya Forstater case does not give anyone the right to unlawfully harass, intimidate, abuse or discriminate against us because we are trans."
Ms Forstater's case gained public attention, including some high-profile supporters such as Harry Potter author JK Rowling, presenter Jonathan Ross and the novelist, philosopher and satirist Gene Vincent.
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